伊浪窮徨慕 > 訊伽傅亭窮徨慕 > descartes¨ reason discourse(却触櫛議容尖) >

及6何蛍

descartes¨ reason discourse(却触櫛議容尖)-及6何蛍

弌傍�� descartes¨ reason discourse(却触櫛議容尖) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




qualities。     This   principle   was   sufficient   thenceforward   to   rid   me   of   all 

those repentings and pangs of remorse that usually disturb the consciences 

of    such    feeble    and   uncertain     minds     as�察  �destitute    of  any    clear   and 

determinate   principle   of   choice�察  �allow        themselves   one   day   to   adopt      a 

course of action as the best�察�which they abandon the next�察�as the opposite。 

     My third maxim was to endeavor always to conquer myself rather than 

fortune�察�and change my desires rather than the order of the world�察�and in 

general�察    �accustom        myself     to   the   persuasion      that�察  �except    our   own 

thoughts�察�there is nothing absolutely in our power�察�so that when we have 

done our best in things external to us�察�all wherein we fail of success is to 

be   held�察  �as   regards   us�察  �absolutely   impossible�此     �and   this   single   principle 

seemed       to  me    sufficient   to   prevent    me    from    desiring    for   the  future 

anything which I could not obtain�察�and thus render me contented�察�for since 

our    will   naturally    seeks    those   objects    alone   which     the   understanding 

represents   as   in   some   way   possible   of   attainment�察  �it   is   plain�察  �that   if   we 

consider all external goods as equally beyond our power�察�we shall no more 

regret the absence of such goods as seem due to our birth�察�when deprived 

of them without any fault of ours�察            �than our not possessing the kingdoms 

of China or Mexico�察�and thus making�察�so to speak�察�a virtue of necessity�察�

we   shall   no   more   desire   health   in   disease�察  �or   freedom   in   imprisonment�察�

than we now do bodies incorruptible as diamonds�察�or the wings of birds to 

fly    with。    But     I  confess    there   is  need    of   prolonged      discipline    and 

frequently repeated meditation to accustom the mind to view all objects in 

this   light�察  �and   I   believe   that   in   this   chiefly   consisted   the   secret   of   the 

power      of  such    philosophers      as  in  former     times   were    enabled     to  rise 

superior to the influence of fortune�察�and�察�amid suffering and poverty�察�enjoy 

a    happiness      which     their   gods    might     have    envied。      For�察   �occupied 

incessantly with the consideration of the limits prescribed to their power 

by   nature�察  �they   became   so   entirely   convinced   that   nothing   was   at   their 

disposal     except    their   own    thoughts�察   �that   this  conviction     was    of  itself 

sufficient to prevent their entertaining any desire of other objects�察�and over 



                                                 20 


´ Page 21´

       DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD OF RIGHTLY CONDUCTING THE REASON�察�AND 



                             SEEKING TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES 



their    thoughts     they   acquired     a  sway    so   absolute�察   �that  they    had   some 

ground   on   this   account   for   esteeming   themselves   more   rich   and   more 

powerful�察�more free and more happy�察�than other men who�察�whatever be the 

favors     heaped      on   them     by   nature    and    fortune�察   �if  destitute    of   this 

philosophy�察�can never mand the realization of all their desires。 

     In   fine�察  �to   conclude   this   code   of   morals�察  �I   thought   of   reviewing   the 

different occupations of men in this life�察�with the view of making choice 

of    the   best。     And�察    �without     wishing      to   offer   any    remarks     on    the 

employments of others�察�I may state that it was my conviction that I could 

not    do   better   than   continue     in  that   in  which    I  was    engaged�察    �viz。�察 �in 

devoting   my   whole   life   to   the   culture   of   my   reason�察  �and   in   making   the 

greatest progress I was able in the knowledge of truth�察�on the principles of 

the   method   which   I   had   prescribed   to   myself。        This   method�察  �from   the 

time I had begun to apply it�察�had been to me the source of satisfaction so 

intense as to lead me to�察�believe that more perfect or more innocent could 

not be enjoyed in this life�察�and as by its means I daily discovered truths 

that   appeared   to   me   of   some   importance�察  �and   of   which   other   men   were 

generally  ignorant�察 �the   gratification thence   arising   so occupied   my   mind 

that   I   was   wholly   indifferent   to   every   other   object。     Besides�察  �the   three 

preceding   maxims   were   founded   singly   on   the   design   of   continuing   the 

work   of   self´   instruction。     For   since   God   has   endowed   each   of   us   with 

some light of reason by which to distinguish truth from error�察�I could not 

have believed that I ought for a single moment to rest satisfied with the 

opinions of another�察�unless I had resolved to exercise my own judgment in 

examining these   whenever I   should be duly qualified   for the   task。                   Nor 

could I have proceeded on such opinions without scruple�察�had I supposed 

that I should thereby forfeit any advantage for attaining still more accurate�察�

should such exist。         And�察�in fine�察�I could not have restrained my desires�察�

nor remained satisfied had I not followed a path in which I thought myself 

certain   of   attaining   all   the   knowledge   to   the   acquisition   of   which   I   was 

petent�察  �as   well   as   the   largest   amount   of   what   is   truly   good   which   I 

could   ever   hope   to   secure   Inasmuch   as   we   neither   seek   nor   shun   any 

object except in so far as our understanding represents it as good or bad�察�

all that is necessary to right action is right judgment�察�and to the best action 



                                                  21 


´ Page 22´

       DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD OF RIGHTLY CONDUCTING THE REASON�察�AND 



                           SEEKING TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES 



the most correct judgment�察�that is�察�to the acquisition of all the virtues with 

all else that is truly valuable and   within our reach�察�and the assurance  of 

such an acquisition cannot fail to render us contented。 

     Having   thus   provided   myself   with   these   maxims�察  �and   having   placed 

them in reserve along with the truths of            faith�察�which have ever occupied 

the first place in my        belief�察�I came to the conclusion that I might with 

freedom set about ridding myself of what remained of my opinions。                     And�察�

inasmuch as I hoped to be better able successfully to acplish this work 

by holding intercourse with mankind�察�than by remaining longer shut up in 

the retirement where these thoughts had occurred to me�察�I betook me again 

to   traveling   before   the   winter   was   well   ended。     And�察  �during   the   nine 

subsequent      years�察  �I  did  nothing    but   roam   from   one    place   to  another�察�

desirous of being a        spectator rather than an actor in the plays exhibited 

on the theater of the world�察�and�察�as I made it my business in each matter to 

reflect particularly upon what might fairly be doubted and prove a source 

of   error�察  �I   gradually   rooted   out   from   my   mind   all   the   errors   which   had 

hitherto crept into it。      Not that in this I imitated the sceptics who doubt 

only that they may doubt�察�and seek nothing beyond uncertainty itself�察�for�察�

on the contrary�察�my design           was singly to find ground of assurance�察�and 

cast   aside   the  loose   earth   and   sand�察  �that   I   might   reach   the   rock   or   the 

clay。    In   this�察  �as   appears   to   me�察  �I   was   successful   enough�察  �for�察  �since   I 

endeavored to discover the falsehood or incertitude of the propositions I 

examined�察�not by feeble conjectures�察�but by clear and certain reasonings�察�I 

met with nothing so doubtful as not to yield some conclusion of adequate 

certainty�察   �although    this  were    merely    the   inference�察  �that   the  matter    in 

question contained nothing certain。            And�察�just as in pulling down an old 

house�察�we usually reserve the ruins to contribute towards the erection�察�so�察�

in destroying such of my opinions as I judged to be Ill´founded�察�I made a 

variety of observations and acquired an amount of experience of which I 

availed     myself    in  the   establishment      of  more    certain。   And    further�察  �I 

continued to exercise myself in the method I had prescribed�察�for�察�besides 

taking care in general to conduct all my thoughts according to its rules�察�I 

reserved some hours from time to time which I expressly devoted to the 

employment of the method in the solution of mathematical difficulties�察�or 



                                               22 


´ Page 23´

       DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD OF RIGHTLY CONDUCTING THE REASON�察�AND 



                             SEEKING TRUTH IN THE SCIENCES 



even     in  the   solution    likewise     of   some    questions     belonging      to  other 

sciences�察�but which�察�by my having detached them from such principles of 

these    sciences     as  were    of  inadequate      certainty�察  �were    rendered     almost 

mathematical�此        �the   truth   of  this   will  be   manifest     from    the  numerous 

examples   contained   in   this   volume。         And   thus�察  �without   in   appearance 

living   otherwise   than   those   who�察  �with   no   other   occupation   than   that   of 

spending their lives agreeably and innocently�察�study to sever pleasure from 

vice�察  �and    who�察   �that  they   may   enjoy   their     leisure   without    ennui�察   �have 

recourse to such pursuits as are honorable�察�I was nevertheless prosecuting 

my design�察�and making greater progress in the knowledge of truth�察�than I 

might�察  �perhaps�察  �have   made   had   I   been   engaged   in   the   perusal   of   books 

merely�察�or in holding converse with men

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��

低辛嬬浪散議